1 Appliance Selection 

1.1 Slot Size: 0.018- or 0.022- In

1.2 Metal or Ceramic Brackets

1.3 Conventional or Self-Ligating Brackets

1.4 Choice of Appliance Prescription 

1.5 Customised or Non-customised Brackets 

2 Orthodontic Instruments  

3 Bracket Placement and Positioning 

3.1 Bracket Placement and Positioning: Practical Steps 

3.2 Banding of Molar Teeth 

4 Initial Alignment 

4.1 Initial Wire Placement and Engagement: Practical Steps 

5 Space Redistribution 

5.1 Sliding Mechanics: Practical Steps 

6 Overbite 

6.1 Mechanisms of Overbite Reduction .

6.2 Overbite Reduction: Practical Steps 

6.2.1 Fixed Anterior Bite Planes .

6.2.2 Inclusion of Second Molars .

6.2.3 Reverse Curve NiTi (Rocking Chair Wires) 

6.2.4 Rectangular Steel Wire with Reversed Curve of Spee 

6.2.5 Inter-arch Elastics 

6.2.6 Mini-Implants 

6.2.7 Intrusion Arches and Edgewise Mechanics 

7 Space Closure .

8 Finishing Stages 

8.1 Orthodontic Finishing 

9 Wire Bending . . 

9.1 Wire Bending: Practical Steps 

9.2 Wire Bending: Segments 

9.2.1 Overbite Reduction: Curve of Spee Variations 

9.2.2 Torque Application 

9.2.3 Space-Closing Loops .

9.3 Wire Bending: Individual Teeth 

9.3.1 In-Out and Rotational Correction (First Order) .

9.3.2 Angulation Error Correction (Second Order) 

9.3.3 Inclination Error Correction (Third Order) 

9.3.4 Vertical Bends 

10 Removal of Fixed Appliances . . .

10.1 Removal of Fixed Appliances: Practical Steps

11 Orthodontic Retention 

12 Maintenance of Fixed Appliances During Treatment 

12.1 Maintenance of Fixed Appliances During Treatment 

The present text is a practical guide for those starting clinical orthodontics postgraduates, non-specialist dental providers and orthodon-tic therapists. As orthodontic educators, we are acutely aware of the challenge of transmitting technical clinical information in an effective and digestible way. We hope that this textbook remedies this problem to an extent and can serve as an essential, basic practical guide during the formative years of clinical orthodontic practice.